Regions, Innovation Systems, and the North-South Divide in Italy
<br>Using firm-level data collected by
<br>Statistics Italy for 2008, 2011, and 2015, we examine the Triple-Helix
<br>synergy among geographical and size distributions of firms, and the NACE
<br>codes attributed to these firms, at the different levels of regional and
<br>national government. At which levels is innovation-systemness indicated?
<br>The contributions of regions to the Italian innovation system have
<br>increased, but synergy generation between regions and supra-regionally
<br>has remained at almost 45%. As against the statistical classification of
<br>Italy into twenty regions or into Northern, Central, and Southern Italy,
<br>the greatest synergy is retrieved by considering the country in terms of
<br>Northern and Southern Italy as two sub-systems, with Tuscany included as
<br>part of Northern Italy. We suggest that separate innovation strategies
<br>should be developed for these two parts of the country. The current
<br>focus on regions for innovation policies may to some extent be an
<br>artifact of the statistics and EU policies. In terms of sectors, both
<br>medium- and high-tech manufacturing (MHTM) and knowledge-intensive
<br>services (KIS) are proportionally integrated in the various regions.
<br>
<br>https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.11821 ; apologies for cross-postings.
<br>
<br>Loet Leydesdorff & Ivan Cucco
<br>
<br>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<br>---
<br>Loet Leydesdorff
<br>
<br>Professor emeritus, University of Amsterdam
<br>Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR)
<br>
<br>loet@leydesdorff.net ;
<br>http://www.leydesdorff.net/
<br>Associate Faculty, SPRU, University of
<br>Sussex;
<br>
<br>Guest Professor Zhejiang Univ. ,
<br>Hangzhou; Visiting Professor, ISTIC,
<br>Beijing;
<br>
<br>Visiting Fellow, Birkbeck , University of London;
<br>
<br>http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en
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